Why are solar developers increasing inverter loading ratios?
Hourly level solar data are insufficient to fully capture the magnitude of clipping. Due to decreasing solar module prices, some solar developers are increasing their projects’ inverter loading ratio (ILR), defined as the ratio of DC module capacity to AC inverter capacity. In this study, we examine the operational impacts of this trend.
Why do inverters need a larger capacity?
This would require a larger capacity than usual, as some reactive power flow needs to be accommodated to limit the voltage rise. Excess capacity can be utilized to implement smart inverter functionalities and inject more energy under conditions where conventional inverters would cap their generation.
What is the average solar inverter load ratio?
At the end of 2016, smaller plants—those one megawatt (MW) or less in size—had an average ILR of 1.17, while larger plants—those ranging from 50 MW to 100 MW—had an ILR of 1.30. As solar plants have gotten larger, inverter loading ratios have increased. In 2010, the average solar PV system had an ILR of 1.17. By 2016, the average was 1.26.
Why do inverter loading ratios matter?
Higher inverter loading ratios lead to larger and more frequent solar ramping events. Over time, module degradation mitigates some of the losses due to inverter sizing. Tracking systems experience substantially more clipping that comparably designed fixed tilt systems.
Should a solar inverter rating be increased?
When designing a solar project, increasing the ILR is one option that developers may consider to decrease the unit cost of electricity and increase the effective capacity factor relative to the inverter rating. A complete analysis for such a developer would also include an assessment on the impacts of higher ILRs on inverter longevity.
How does inverter loading affect solar energy losses?
Solar energy losses from clipping increase rapidly with increasing inverter loading ratios. Higher inverter loading ratios lead to larger and more frequent solar ramping events. Over time, module degradation mitigates some of the losses due to inverter sizing.
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Power Factor and Grid-Connected Photovoltaics
Reactive power oscillates between the generation source and the load, and does no work in the system. Reactive power however is needed to maintain the voltage in the system, provide magnetizing power to motors and facilitate the transmission of the active power through the AC circuit. The relationship between active and reactive
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If this value were estimated using DC capacity, the DC capacity factor would be about 22%. Similarly, the average capital costs for utility-scale solar PV facilities installed in 2015 were $2.91 per watt in terms of AC capacity and about $2.33 per watt in terms of the DC capacity of the PV modules. Principal contributor: Cara Marcy
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