Double glass module cross-linking degree

Cross-links, Networks and Classes of Elastomers • Chemical Cross-linking Process: Sol-Gel or Percolation Transition • Gel Characteristics: – Infinite Viscosity – Non-zero Modulus – One giant Molecule – Solid Polymer Network • Step Polymerization (isocyanates, oxirane) • Chain Polymerization (styrene with divinylbenzene) Cross-links, Networks and Classes of Elastomers • Chemical Cross-linking Process: Sol-Gel or Percolation Transition • Gel Characteristics: – Infinite Viscosity – Non-zero Modulus – One giant Molecule – Solid Polymer Network • Step Polymerization (isocyanates, oxirane) • Chain Polymerization (styrene with divinylbenzene)

How do we measure crosslinking levels in PV modules?

2.1 Soxhlet Extraction To assess the lamination process, the degree of crosslinking values measured on the front and rear side of the PV modules are compared. For this purpose, we adopted Soxhlet extraction, a straightforward time-intensive technique widely used for measuring crosslinking levels in PV modules [6,7].

What is a double glass module?

Double glass module contains two sheets of glass, whereby the back sheet is made of heat strengthened (semi-tempered) glass to substitute the traditional polymer backsheet. With * Corresponding author. Tel.: +86 13776101913; fax: +86 51268961413.

What determines the degree of crosslinking?

The degree of crosslinking is thus controlled by (i) the lamination temperature (affecting the amount of crosslinker activated per time unit), (ii) the lamination time and (iii) the initial crosslinker concentration. This chemical assessment of the crosslinking reaction kinetics has been validated in practice.

What is the encapsulation reliability risk of double glass module?

The double glass module is superior to the conventional single glass module, which indicates that the encapsulation reliability risk of double glass module is good without delaminating risk. 90 Jing Tang et al. / Energy Procedia 130 (2017) 87–93 4 J. Tang et al./ Energy Procedia 00 (2017) 000–000 Fig. 3.

What is double glass PV module?

Double glass PV module is known as the ultimate solution for the module encapsulation technique. Although double glass modules have many advantages, they are not yet widely used in photovoltaic power plants, for which one important reason is the large power loss due to the transmission of light in the cell gap region.

How does crosslinking affect storage modulus?

The increase in storage modulus can thus be attributed to the activation of the crosslinking and the subsequent formation of a three-dimensional polymer network. At around 170 °C, the storage modulus levels off and reaches the values of the fully crosslinked material.

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